Physics - Grade XII or Standard XII
Newton’s Law of Gravitation
Newton’s law of gravitation:
Every particle (say, particle 1) attracts any other particle (say, particle 2) with the force given by:
F = G m1 m2 / r2
where F = gravitational force between the particles, G = gravitational constant also called universal gravitational constant, m1 and m2 = masses of the particles 1 and 2, r = distance between the particles 1 and 2. G = gravitational constant = 6.67 × 10-11 N.m2/kg2. The force acts along the line joining the two particles.
Dimensions of G are [L3 M-1 T-2]
Newton’s law of gravitation applies strictly to particles, but we can also apply it to objects in the following two cases:
Case 1:
If distance between the objects is very large compared to the size of objects then we can treat objects as particles.
Case 2:
If object is spherical then we can treat it as a particle and assume that its mass is concentrated at its centre. In this case, the distance between objects is not required to be large compared to radius of spherical object.
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